Radiation Colitis and its Complications
Radiation colitis is a common complication of pelvic radiation therapy, affecting both women and men. The condition is caused by the effects of radiation on the rectum due to exposure to certain radioactive substances such as radium, cobalt, or cesium.
The symptoms of radiation colitis vary from mild inflammation in the mucosa (lining) to severe damage that can affect the entire muscle layer of the rectum and surrounding tissues. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood loss during bowel movements. Chronic bleeding may lead to anemia. In some cases, it can result in constipation or even cancer.
To prevent complications, patients should follow specific guidelines before starting radiation treatment. This includes avoiding direct contact with the vagina during radiation therapy and ensuring adequate distance between the radiation source and the pelvis. Additionally, modifications to the radiation delivery system may be necessary to reduce the risk of side effects.
Radiation colitis is often self-limiting and resolves within several months after completing radiation therapy. However, it’s important for patients to seek medical attention if they experience persistent symptoms, including recurrent bleeding, difficulty defecating, or changes in bowel habits over time.
In summary, radiation colitis is a serious but treatable complication of pelvic radiation therapy. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Regular monitoring and close collaboration between healthcare providers and patients are essential to manage this condition effectively.
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